Mehdi Nemmouche, 33, opened fire with a Kalashnikov assault rifle and a handgun at the city's Jewish Museum.
Three people died at the scene and one later in hospital.
Nemmouche spent a year fighting in Syria for the Islamic State (IS) group before returning to Europe to carry out the attack.
A man who helped plan the attack and supply weapons, Nacer Bendrer, was sentenced to 15 years in prison.
Nemmouche and Bendrer were found guilty last week after a two-month-long trial involved apparent witness intimidation and testimony from former captives of IS in Syria.
Bendrer, who is also French, told the court: "I am ashamed to have crossed paths with this guy. He is not a man, he is a monster."
Nemmouche's lawyers tried to suggest that he had been framed in an elaborate conspiracy which blamed the murders on foreign intelligence agencies. But they produced no evidence to support the claim.
Two Israeli tourists, a volunteer worker, and a receptionist were killed in the attack on the museum.