Unvaccinated children would be banned from childcare centres and preschools under an Australian government plan.
Some Australian states already have "no jab, no play" laws, but PM Malcolm Turnbull is calling for nationwide legislation.
Health groups have supported the push, arguing parents and the community have an obligation to protect children.
An Australian Child Health Poll survey of nearly 2,000 parents showed 5% of children were not fully vaccinated.
Mr Turnbull said more needed to be done, citing the case of a baby who died from whooping cough.
"This is not a theoretical exercise - this is life and death," Mr Turnbull said.
"If a parent says, 'I'm not going to vaccinate my child,' they are not simply putting their child at risk, they are putting everybody else's children at risk too."
Vaccinating children is not a legal requirement in Australia, but failing to do so makes parents ineligible for childcare rebates.
Children more at risk
Three Australian states - Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria - already require children to be immunised, or be on an approved catch-up programme, to enrol in childcare centres.
Australian Medical Association president Michael Gannon said children were more susceptible to infections.
"If you, as a parent, expect the community to support you by either welfare payments or access to care, then you need to do your bit to contribute to that community by protecting other children," he told Fairfax Media.
